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Corn smut disease, scientifically known as the fungus (Ustilago maydis), is considered one of the prominent plant diseases affecting corn crops, blending its status as an agricultural pest and a unique food source in some cultures. The fungus attacks plant tissues, causing distinct deformations and spongy tumor masses on the cob and stalks. The dimensions of the disease are evident through rapid spore dispersal via air and water, plant infection penetrating wet cells, the need for early protection and resistance programs, alongside its consideration as a delicacy rich in vitamins and proteins (huitlacoche) in some global cuisines. Controlling it requires planting resistant hybrid varieties, seed inspection, following a proper crop rotation, and good water drainage. Studies issued by the FAO and international plant pathology research centers indicate that infection is closely related to humid conditions and insect-induced mechanical stalk injuries, and that biological treatment and preventive fungicides reduce crop damage rates by 40% to 60% to protect food security.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reports on corn grain diseases. Journal of Applied Plant Pathology research on fungal control. General information from the Syrian Agricultural Guide and Livestock in Syria - Specialized Evidence Center.
