Biochar is considered one of the prominent modern agricultural technologies that has attracted the attention of researchers and specialists in agricultural and environmental sciences due to its effective role in improving agricultural soil characteristics and raising its long-term productive efficiency. Biochar is produced through the controlled heating of plant organic wastes in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment in a process known as pyrolysis, resulting in a stable carbonaceous material with a porous structure. Reliable scientific studies in the field of soil science indicate that adding biochar to agricultural lands directly contributes to long-term carbon storage, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and confront climate change. Thanks to its unique spongy structure, biochar works to improve soil structure and raise its superior capacity to retain water and vital fluids, which reduces drought rates and provides an ideal environment for plant root growth. Agricultural research shows that biochar is characterized by a high capacity to increase the availability of nutrients and fertilizers within the soil and prevent their leaching away from root reach, which raises fertilization efficiency and reduces the need for excessive reliance on environmentally harmful chemical fertilizers. In addition, biochar contributes to activating beneficial microorganisms and friendly bacteria that work to break down organic materials and improve the biological balance of the soil. In a related context, environmental studies have proved that biochar possesses a unique property in absorbing pollutants and heavy metals present in the soil and immobilizing them, preventing their transfer to plants and protecting food crops and food safety. Agricultural statistics confirm that applying this sustainable technique enhances the productivity of various crops and creates a sound and sustainable soil environment for future generations.
Peer-reviewed scientific research and reports in soil science and sustainable agriculture. Studies of the Environmental Development Institute on biochar applications. General information from the Syrian Agricultural and Livestock Guide - Specialized Evidence Center.
